ABSTRACT
Based on the previous study of compound liquorice microemulsion, this paper aims to prepare the compound liquorice microemulsion gel and investigate its pharmacodynamics of chronic eczema. The type, dosage and adding method of gel matrix, and formula dosage of humectant were optimized by single factor method to obtain the formula and preparation technique of the gel. With glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetin and oxymatrine used as evaluation indexes, the Franz diffusion cell method was adopted to monitor the in vitro release profile of the gel. Eczema model of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice was chosen to detect the ear swelling rate, degree of inflammatory cell infiltration of ear pieces, and pathological changes of ear pieces, so as to investigate the therapeutic effect of the microemulsion gel. The preparation process of the compound liquorice microemulsion gel was stable. The release of glycyrrhizin and oxymatrine was most consistent with the Hixcon-Crowell kinetic model, while the release of glycyrrhizic acid was most consistent with the Ritger-Peppas kinetic model. The pharmacodynamics studies proved that compound liquorice microemulsion gel could significantly reduce the ear swelling rate in mice, with good anti-inflammatory effect as well as the ability to resist the pathological changes of chronic eczema and inhibit the infiltration of dermal inflammatory cells. Therefore, the preparation process of compound liquorice microemulsion gel is feasible, with stable drug release and a significant therapeutic effect on chronic eczema.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Administration, Cutaneous , Drug Liberation , Emulsions , Gels , Glycyrrhiza , Skin AbsorptionABSTRACT
With the changing lifestyle and the acceleration of aging in the Chinese population, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have risen in the last decades. On the contrary, the incidence and mortality of CRC have continued to decline in the USA since the 1980s, which is mainly attributed to early screening and standardized diagnosis and treatment. Rectal cancer accounts for the largest proportion of CRC in China, and its treatment regimens are complex. At present, surgical treatment is still the most important treatment for rectal cancer. Since the first Chinese guideline for diagnosis and treatment of CRC was issued in 2010, the fourth version has been revised in 2020. These guidelines have greatly promoted the standardization and internationalization of CRC diagnosis and treatment in China. And with the development of comprehensive treatment methods such as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, the post-operative quality of life and prognosis of patients with rectal cancer have improved. We believe that the inflection point of the rising incidence and mortality of rectal cancer will appear in the near future in China. This article reviewed the current status and research progress on surgical therapy of rectal cancer in China.
Subject(s)
Humans , China/epidemiology , Colonic Neoplasms , Colorectal Neoplasms , Quality of Life , Rectal Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
A new species, Pythium subutonaiense, isolated from aquatic environments (lake) in China is being described based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. The isolates grew at temperatures between 5 °C and 38 °C, and the optimum temperature was 30 °C, with a radial growth rate of 17.6 mm at 25 °C per day. It is homothallic and characterized by globose to sub-globose shaped and mostly terminal or sometimes catenulate hyphal swellings, filamentous non-inflated sporangia, and smooth oogonia with hypogynous and monoclinous antheridia that contained one plerotic oospore. In phylogenetic analysis, inferred based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, the new species formed a distinct lineage in Pythium clade B. Differences between the new species and phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of vortioxetine on cAMP/CREB/BDNF signal pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty Kunming mice were randomized into control group and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group. After establishment of depressive models verified by sucrose preference test, the mice in CUMS group were divided into model group, fluoxetine group and vortioxetine group. The antidepressive effect of vortioxetine was analyzed by tail suspension test, forced swim test and open field test. The levels of cAMP were detected using a commercial ELISA kit, and the expressions of pCREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were evaluated with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Vortioxetine significantly shortened the immobility time of the depressive mice in tail suspension test and forced swim test without affecting the locomotor activity of the mice in open fields, suggesting the antidepressive effect of against depression in mice. Vortioxetine significantly increased the levels of cAMP and promoted the expression of pCREB and BDNF in the hippocampus of the mice (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vortioxetine improves the behaviors of mice with depression possibly by affecting the cAMP/CREB/BDNF signal pathway.</p>
ABSTRACT
The peak area normalization is often needed as the preprocessing of NMR metabolomic data and the relative ratio of normalized data is the same as that of peak area in original spectrum, so the normalized data can reflect the relative information of peak area. This research selects the normalized data of the peak area for each sample to analyze, compositional data is the nonnegative vector containing only the relative information. Therefore the normalized data can be considered as compositional data. This paper used compositional data analysis based on NMR metabolomics to study the homogeneity for each group's samples, identify the characteristic metabolites which contribute the classification of different groups, and make the discriminate analysis for the given new sample in the evaluation of Chinese materia medica. In the case the analysis of quality evaluation on Astragali Radix, it can be seen from the results that the proposed method is feasible.
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Micropenis is one of clinical manifestations of 46,XY disorders of sex development.Due to the complex etiology,the limitation of diagnostic methods,it is difficult to define the causes in some complicated cases.The abnormality in any part of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis,androgen synthesis and function will influence the development of penis.Based on the statistical data of penis in comparison,trying to find the reference data for clinical application,used in the diagnosis of micropenis.For the patient raise a boy,the treatment including medicine and operation to improve the size of penis.Exogenous androgen and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) treatment are the main methods in present,it can effectively promote the micropenis to increase in size.But it is debatable when to start the treatment,dosage and the duration.The potential side effects are unknown.Operation treatment can improve the hypospadias induced abnormal appearance and reconstruction of urethra.Treatment of gonadotropin can be applied to the patients who want to acquire fertility.For patients reared as female,male gonads must be removed,and estrogen replacement administered after adolescent.
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OBJECTIVE@#To solve the problems of DNA testing in trace sample.@*METHODS@#Applying original carrier method to detect known trace blood DNA and to compare it with the results obtained by high effective DNA extracting method of Chelex-100.@*RESULTS@#The carrier method not only could obtain the right STR genotype in the trace blood sample, but also was twice as sensitive as the Chelex-100 method.@*CONCLUSION@#The carrier method could improve the DNA detection in trace sample. It is easy to operate and is much more valuable in the forensic case analysis.